1. Glucosamine Sulfate:
Mechanism: A precursor to glycosaminoglycans, which are essential components of cartilage.
How It Works:
Supports cartilage repair by stimulating the production of proteoglycans and collagen.
Reduces joint pain and stiffness by improving cartilage elasticity and reducing inflammation.
2. Chondroitin Sulfate:
Mechanism: Attracts water into the cartilage, providing cushioning and lubrication for joints.
How It Works:
Maintains joint flexibility by enhancing the shock-absorbing properties of cartilage.
Inhibits enzymes that break down cartilage, protecting joint integrity.
3. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM):
Mechanism: Provides bioavailable sulfur, which is essential for collagen and keratin synthesis.
How It Works:
Reduces inflammation by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Supports connective tissue health by promoting the formation of collagen and elastin.
4. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):
Mechanism: An antioxidant that supports collagen synthesis and immune function.
How It Works:
Promotes collagen production, which is essential for maintaining the structure and function of joints, skin, and blood vessels.
Protects cells from oxidative stress, reducing the risk of joint degeneration.
5. Vitamin E (D-Alpha Tocopheryl Acid Succinate):
Mechanism: A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage.
How It Works:
Reduces oxidative stress in joint tissues, protecting against cartilage breakdown.
Supports skin health by maintaining moisture and elasticity.
6. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride):
Mechanism: Involved in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis.
How It Works:
Supports immune function by aiding in the production of antibodies.
Reduces inflammation by modulating the activity of inflammatory pathways.
7. Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin):
Mechanism: Essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.
How It Works:
Supports energy production by aiding in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
Maintains nerve health, which is important for joint function and mobility.
Synergistic Effects:
Glucosamine, Chondroitin, and MSM work together to support cartilage repair, reduce inflammation, and improve joint flexibility.
Vitamins C and E provide antioxidant protection, reducing oxidative stress and supporting collagen synthesis.
Vitamins B6 and B12 enhance immune function and energy metabolism, contributing to overall joint and systemic health.
